Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining Essay Research free essay sample

Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining Essay, Research Paper Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT SCIENCE 453: Biology FOR ENGINEERS REPORT No.1 Presented By: Karim A. Zaklama 92-1509 Sci. 453-01 24/2/96 Aim: To prove a sample of research lab prepared bacteriums and categorize it harmonizing to Christian? s gm positive and gram negative categories and besides by sing it under a high powered microscope and oil submergences ; sort its form and note any particular features. Introduction: Bacteria was categorised into two groups in 1884 by the Danish Bacteriologist Christian, gm positive and gram negative by a staining technique where the ability to avoid de-coloration of Crystal Violet solution by intoxicant would render the class of gm positive, and gram negative if the bacteriums is de-coloured. This could be noted by the concluding coloring material of the bacteriums: a violet coloring material where Gram positive and a pink coloring material of the Safranin added pending the de-colouring procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Materials: 1. Bacteria Sample 2. Microscope Slide 3. Gram Staining Kit and Wash Bottles a. Crystal Violet Solution b. Iodine Solution c. 95 % Ethyl Alcohol vitamin D. Safranin e. Distilled Water 4. Bibulous Blotting Paper 5. Microscope 6. Oil Procedure: A. Preparation: 1. Bacteria is cultivated on agar jelly in an brooder at 25? C for 24 hours. 2. Obtain a microscope slide and with a toothpick, smear a thin coat of the bacteriums sample onto the slide 3. Cover the smear with a bead Crystal Violet and go forth standing for 20 seconds 4. Wash off the discoloration with distilled H2O ; drain and smudge off the extra with boozy paper. 5. Use Gram? s Iodine on the vilification and leave to stand for 1 minute. 6. Drain the extra I and use 95 % Ethyl intoxicant for 20 2nd continuance or till the intoxicant runs clearly from the slide. 7. The vilification should rinsed for a few seconds with distilled H2O to halt the action of the intoxicant. 8. Drain and smudge off the extra with boozy 9. Introduce Safranin to the vilification and leave standing for 20 seconds. 10. Wash off the discoloration with distilled H2O ; drain and smudge off the extra with boozy paper. 11. Leave the slide to air prohibitionists. B. Examination: 1. Put the slide under microscope on low powered lens. 2. Travel the slide utilizing the setup until the sample can be seen as a fuzz under the microscope. 3. F ocus the lens to guarantee that there is a sample straight under the lens. 4. Move to higher powered lens, repeat measure 3. 5. Travel to higher powered lens, repeat measure 3 6. Move microscope aside and add Oil submergence, leave for a few seconds and re-examine the slide. Note Shape and coloring material and any other observations. Consequences and Observations: It was apparent by ocular scrutiny that the intoxicant was de-colouring or a least partly de-colouring the bacterium. The sample appeared a dark pink or shut to violet by the bare oculus ; a microscope was needed to guarantee consequences. Under the low powered microscope sunglassess of pink were noted. Under the medium power, the sunglassess were more clear but no form could be made out. Under the high powered microscope bunchs of pink rod ( B ) shaped bacteriums cells could be observed. Under Oil Immersion and high powered lens the cells could seen more separated out and therefore a clearer indicant of the pink coloring material, bacilli form and spores could be made out in the single cells. Decision: The Shape was noted as Bacilli ( Rod-like ) shaped cells ; a gm variable form, distinct in either Gram Negative or Gram positive bacteriums. The concluding coloring material of the cells were stained pink by the Safranin screening the de-coloration of the crystal violet turn outing the bacterium is of the gm negative category. Under oil submergence the cells became more thin and under the high powered lens of the microscope spores could be seen, as small bubbles, in the cells. This tells us that the bacterium was in its terminal province. The presence of spores in the bacterium at its terminal province Tells us that the bacteriums could be an old civilization. Old bacterium civilizations which are gm positive tend to de-colour, yet more easy than gram negative bacteriums. The velocity of de-coloration was non inspected really clearly therefore no farther decision could be reached, yet it is possible that this an old civilization of Bacilli shaped Gram Positive bacterium. Recommendation: It is recommended that the same sample be tested once more for de- colour ; concentrating on de-coloration velocity. If the de-coloration is fast so the sample is decidedly gram negative, slow de-coloration would state us it is gm positive. For future samples it would be recommended to maintain the bacterium sample for this specific trial for merely 16 hours every bit recommended to avoid the presence of old civilizations which are anomalous to this trial.

Free Essays on Binge Dricking

BINGE DRINKING Binge drinking is defined as drinking "five or more drinks in a row one or more times during a two-week period for men, and four or more drinks in a row one or more times during a two-week period for women . . . and a drink is defined as a 12-ounce can or bottle of beer, a four ounce glass of wine, a 12-ounce bottle or can of wine cooler, or a shot of liquor taken straight or in a mixed drink" (Wechsler, 1996). In 1993, Henry Wechsler of the Harvard School of Public Health, conducted a nationwide study of almost 18,000 college students and their alcohol use, behaviors and opinions. This study provided the first comprehensive view of the widespread abuse of binge drinking by college students (Wechsler, 1996). There are several key findings about binge drinking from the study: *Eighty-four percent (84%) of students surveyed drank alcohol during the school year with almost half, 44% categorized as binge drinkers and 19% as frequent binge drinkers. *Thirty-three percent (33%) of schools surveyed qualified as high-binge drinking campuses. To be qualified for a high-binge drinking campus, more than half of the students responding to the survey had to indicate that they were binge drinkers. *The strongest predictor for binge drinking was living in a sorority or fraternity house. Eighty percent (80%) of sorority women and 86% of fraternity men living in Greek housing qualified as binge drinkers. CHARACTERISTICS OF BINGE DRINKERS According to Wechsler (1996), typical characteristics of binge drinkers include: male, fraternity and sorority members, white, under 24 years of age, involved in athletics, and students who socialize a great deal. White males were found to be the most likely group to binge drink and African-American females were the least likely to binge drink (Wechsler, 1996). Historically black colleges, women's colleges, commuter schools and schools in the western United States have less binge drinking (Philp... Free Essays on Binge Dricking Free Essays on Binge Dricking BINGE DRINKING Binge drinking is defined as drinking "five or more drinks in a row one or more times during a two-week period for men, and four or more drinks in a row one or more times during a two-week period for women . . . and a drink is defined as a 12-ounce can or bottle of beer, a four ounce glass of wine, a 12-ounce bottle or can of wine cooler, or a shot of liquor taken straight or in a mixed drink" (Wechsler, 1996). In 1993, Henry Wechsler of the Harvard School of Public Health, conducted a nationwide study of almost 18,000 college students and their alcohol use, behaviors and opinions. This study provided the first comprehensive view of the widespread abuse of binge drinking by college students (Wechsler, 1996). There are several key findings about binge drinking from the study: *Eighty-four percent (84%) of students surveyed drank alcohol during the school year with almost half, 44% categorized as binge drinkers and 19% as frequent binge drinkers. *Thirty-three percent (33%) of schools surveyed qualified as high-binge drinking campuses. To be qualified for a high-binge drinking campus, more than half of the students responding to the survey had to indicate that they were binge drinkers. *The strongest predictor for binge drinking was living in a sorority or fraternity house. Eighty percent (80%) of sorority women and 86% of fraternity men living in Greek housing qualified as binge drinkers. CHARACTERISTICS OF BINGE DRINKERS According to Wechsler (1996), typical characteristics of binge drinkers include: male, fraternity and sorority members, white, under 24 years of age, involved in athletics, and students who socialize a great deal. White males were found to be the most likely group to binge drink and African-American females were the least likely to binge drink (Wechsler, 1996). Historically black colleges, women's colleges, commuter schools and schools in the western United States have less binge drinking (Philp...